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Showing posts with label indore. Show all posts
Showing posts with label indore. Show all posts

Thursday, September 26, 2019

The Pioneers - Indian Cities using Plastic Waste in Bituminous Roads

Chennai

Chennai is one of the first and leading cities in India to implement professor Vasudevan’s technology. It has, so far, used 1.6 Lakh kilos of plastic waste to build 1,035 kilometres of roads. Prominent areas in the city like the N.S.C Bose road, Halls road, Ethiraj Silai street and Sardar Patel street are laid with plastic components.

The Guardian wrote in 2016 : 'Jambulingam Street, Chennai, is a local legend. The tar road in the bustling Nungambakkam area has weathered a major flood, several monsoons, recurring heat waves and a steady stream of cars, trucks and auto rickshaws without showing the usual signs of wear and tear. Built in 2002, it has not developed the mosaic of cracks, potholes or craters that typically make their appearance after it rains. Holding the road together is an unremarkable material: a cheap, polymer glue made from shredded waste plastic.'

Jambulingam Street is the best I have ever seen in the city so far. When many other roads in the city got damaged, this plastic road has remained in good condition for many years,” said N.Chidambaram, an autorickshaw driver in the locality.

Tamil Nadu as a whole has some 20,000 kms of plastic roads, mostly rural ones. A modified version of the road which adds road scrap to plastic-coated gravel was tested out in 2016 on a highway connecting Chennai with Villupuram. It was the first time plastic road technology was used for a national highway. It is expected to reduce construction costs by 50%.

It was announced in Jan 2019 that Madurai, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram airports to get roads made using plastic waste in a pilot project. Recycled waste will be mixed with bitumen to lay roads. Experts say the technology will ensure that the road made with the waste will not need any maintenance for 15 years. 

As per the plan, the material will be laid on roads within the airport premises first, and then perimeter roads along the compound walls will be laid. If successful, the technique will then be used for taxiways in the airport.

Officials said that since the Chennai airport generates the highest quantity of plastic waste in the region, this could be a good use case for the project.


In New Zealand, the Christchurch International Airport has paved its airport's fire station's premises using recycled plastic and bitumen.

Pune

Pune, which produces more than 200 tonnes of plastic waste each day, has used 3,343 kilos of plastic waste in building 1,430 kilometres of roads in the last two years. The Pune Municipal Corporation tied up with the Rudra Environmental Solution (India) Ltd and gave them a contract of building plastic roads across the city.

Vishakhapatnam

Taking a step further towards becoming a smart city, the municipal corporation had mooted this project in 2016 when they had laid 10 roads across all its zones. In 2017, till December, 16 more roads were completed. The length of various stretches ranged from a few metres to three kilometres. The aim is to construct more and more roads from plastic waste waste wherever re-laying of roads is required and plastic waste is available. 

Indore

Two-time winner of India’s cleanest city title, Indore recycles 100 per cent of its plastic waste and has used 5,000 kilos of waste plastic to build 45 kilometre stretch of roads in the last two years. 'The strength and finishing of roads when waste plastic is used is much better than tar. These roads have a better resistance to water stagnation. We noticed that areas in Indore where plastic was used to build roads saw less water clogging during monsoons as the roads didn’t develop potholes. In other words, the life span of the road is substantially increased', said the Swachh Bharat Mission Consultant, Indore Municipal Corporation.

Surat

Surat finally heaved a sigh of relief during monsoons last year. The idea of using plastic-bitumen mix was executed in January 2017. The diamond city has used 90,000 kilos of waste plastic to lay 15.91 kilometres of roads. The problem of potholes significantly reduced last year as no cracks developed in areas where roads were layered with waste plastic says Akshay Pandya, Executive Engineer, Road Development Department, Surat Municipal Corporation.

Lucknow

The Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) is constructing a 10 km long road, from Gomti Nagar Police Station to the Indian Institute Of Management Lucknow, using plastic waste. Padmashri awardee and reputed Scientist Rajagopalan Vasudevan, also known as the ‘Plastic Man Of India’ will be leading the project.

According to the project’s Chief Engineer, Indushekhar Singh, mixing plastic waste increases roads’ durability by 40-50 per cent. “We use less than 50-micron plastic and around 8-10 per cent of plastic waste is being mixed in coal tar”, he added. 

“LDA will be following all the guidelines of the Central Road Research Institute in the construction of this road,” Singh said. Singh, told the media, “The process doesn’t require any complex machinery. It just needs to segregate plastic waste to a particular size, heat it and mix it with bitumen to bind it.” 

“Using plastic waste can help India, which has the world’s second largest road network, in reducing road accidents deaths. Potholes, a common feature of roads in India, are responsible for one-tenth of deaths that occurred in 2017 due to road accidents in the country”, professor Vasudevan explained to the media.

The Process of Making Composite Plastic Roads

A city’s plastic waste is put through three tasks – cleaning, drying and shredding. The plastic waste can include anything from sweet wrappers to shopping bags.

Once all the plastic waste is shredded (a technique where all the dust particles are eliminated, and plastic items are shredded into fine pieces) these are heated at 165°c. Next, the shredded pieces are added to bitumen mix, which is also heated at 160°c. The final mix is used for constructing roads.
The inventor of the process, Vasudevan melts shredded plastic over low heat to avoid emissions (Dr Vasudevan was honoured with one of India’s highest civilian awards, the Padma Shri, for his groundbreaking research on re-using waste plastic). Polystyrene is toxic when burned but, when softened, it makes an excellent pothole filler.
“Depending on the quality of tar, a 10-30 per cent of it is replaced with the waste plastic. Since both, tar and plastic are petroleum products they gel well together,” said Asad Warsi, Swachh Bharat Mission Consultant, Indore Municipal Corporation.
Every kilometer of a plastic tar road uses the equivalent of 1 million plastic bags, saving around one tonne of asphalt and costing roughly 8% less than a conventional road. 
In experiments to find uses for discarded plastic, Dr. Vasudevan found that in a molten condition, plastic had the property of an excellent binder. Acting on the principle that like attracts like, Dr Vasudevan looked at another chemical of similar nature: bitumen, a black tarry substance that was being combined with gravel to lay roads.
“Bitumen, a highly heterogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons is in effect, composed of polymers similar to plastic,” he says. When molten plastic was added to stone and bitumen mix, Dr Vasudevan found that, true to its nature, plastic stuck fast and bound both materials together.
The bitumen-modified plastic improved the tensile strength of the road by making it more durable and flexible. Plastic also prevented pothole formation. When the layer of molten plastic filled the space between the gravel and bitumen it thwarted rain water from seeping in and causing structural defects.
When late Dr Abdul Kalam, India’s former president and scientist visited Thiagarajar College, he encouraged Dr Vasudevan to lay the first plastic paved road within the campus. In 2002, he paved a 60-ft road within the campus with plastic-modified bitumen. The road is still intact in 2018.

In 2013, The Indian Road Congress developed Guidelines for the use of waste plastic in hot bituminous mixes (dry process) in wearing courses.

The guidelines state that studies have revealed that waste plastics have great potential for use in bituminous construction as its addition in small doses, about 5-10%, by weight of bitumen helps in substantially improving the Marshall stability, strength, fatigue life and other desirable properties of bituminous mix, leading to improved longevity and pavement performance. The use of waste plastic thus contributes to construction of green roads.

Only plastic conforming to Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PET and Polyurethane shall only be used in pavement construction.