Search This Blog

Showing posts with label nepal. Show all posts
Showing posts with label nepal. Show all posts

Thursday, December 20, 2018

Just the Latest studies on Climate Change..

Researchers found recently that glaciers in Himalayan ranges are melting more rapidly than at any point in the last 10,000 years. This means that the water supply in parts of Pakistan, China, India and Nepal will decline soon.

By 2100, the best case scenario is that half of the ice will disappear. Worst-case scenario: two-thirds of it will.

+++++++++++++++++++++

In 2017, 153 billion hours of labor were lost worldwide because of heat, with the largest share in vulnerable rural communities in countries like India. That’s 64 billion more lost labor hours than in 2000.

By mid-century, “Prevalence of heatstroke and extreme weather will have redefined global labor and production beyond recognition,” The Lancet warned in an accompanying editorial. “Multiple cities will be uninhabitable and migration patterns will be far beyond those levels already creating pressure worldwide.”

Though the world still produces more than enough food to feed itself, rising temperatures and extreme weather events are affecting food production. Crop yields are diminishing in 30 countries, reversing a trend of rising agricultural productivity and threatening food security around the world and in the United States.

++++++++++++++++++++++

More than two-thirds of life on Earth died off some 252 million years ago, in the largest mass extinction event in Earth’s history.

Researchers have long suspected that volcanic eruptions triggered “the Great Dying,” as the end of the Permian geologic period is sometimes called, but exactly how so many creatures died has been something of a mystery.

Now scientists at the University of Washington and Stanford believe their models reveal how so many animals were killed, and they see frightening parallels in the path our planet is on today.

+++++++++++++++++++++

A study recently said that agricultural yields could fall to 1980s levels by mid-century in the US due to climate change.

Thursday, May 03, 2018

Who provides leadership for climate change in India ?

Glaciers at the Taboche summit, Nepal, have been 
reduced by warming / bonn_4 / CC-BY-SA 2.0
A report by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) just out :
धरती के वायुमंडल में ग्रीन हाउस गैस का स्तर पिछले 8 लाख वर्षों में उच्चतम स्तर पर पहुंच गया है. 1901 से 2017 के बीच, भारत का औसत वार्षिक तापमान लगभग 1.2 डिग्री सेल्सियस बढ़ गया है। (By 2100) हम 3 से 4 डिग्री सेल्सियस के औसत तापमान वृद्धि की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं.

(From another report) even a 1°C rise in global mean temperature (compared to the 1990s) will mean that about 8 per cent of the global population will see a severe reduction in water resources, according to an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate.

Some newspaper reports have made it sound in the last 2-3 years as if India was providing global leadership on climate change. Therefore, I was shocked to read the report by CSE on state action plans on climate change, prepared between 2009 and 2014. Four of the States whose plans were analyzed, were ruled by BJP, and 4 by other parties, including one by Congress. The Central Govt. was then headed by the Congress party.

Ploughing with cattle in West Bengal / ILRI / CC-BY-SA 2.0
The analysis said : States don’t have qualified, dedicated staff to prepare climate change action plans. States said they received little guidance from the Centre on how to assess impacts of climate change and have been unable to prepare a detailed risk assessment. Although Nodal officers were appointed in each State Dept., they have other responsibilities and climate change was not a priority for them. In the name of preparing climate change action plans, the States largely just made shopping lists of the usual development works.

Monsoon clouds, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
/ Sunnyoraish
विभिन्न राज्यों में अलग-अलग क्षेत्रों में प्रस्तावित बजट में काफी विसंगतियां हैं। सेक्टर के जोखिम के हिसाब से उसका बजट नहीं रखा गया है। उदाहरण के लिए उत्तर प्रदेश की लगभग 70 प्रतिशत आबादी कृषि पर निर्भर है और यहां के किसान प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के रूप में पहले ही बहुत मार झेल रहे हैं। इस सबके बावजूद प्रस्तावित बजट का सिर्फ 0.2 प्रतिशत ही कृषि क्षेत्र के लिए रखा गया है, जो कि हास्यास्पद है।
एक और उदाहरण में, गुजरात में राज्य का सबसे लम्बा समुद्र तट है, जिसमें गुजरात की 37 प्रतिशत जनसंख्या निवास करती है और ये आर्थिक रूप से भी बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है। इसको जलवायु परिवर्तन से होने वाले कई खतरे जैसे बढ़ता समुद्री जल स्तर, जलप्लावन, चक्रवाती तूफान की स्थिति में बाढ़, खारे पानी की घुसपैठ आदि है। लेकिन, इन सबके बावजूद भी तटीय क्षेत्र प्रबंधन को राज्य के एसएपीसीसी में सही तरह से सम्मिलित नहीं किया गया और लगभग पूरी तरह नजरअंदाज कर दिया गया।

Farmer in India / Azhar feder / CC-BY-SA 3.0
जलवायु परिवर्तन के चलते देश का किसान पहले ही बहुत बुरी तरह से प्रभावित हो रहा है तथा हाल ही के अध्ययनों के मुताबिक आगे और भी ज्यादा प्रभावित होगा। लेकिन ज्यादातर राज्यों के एसएपीसीसी में कृषि व किसानों के लिए एक समग्र अनुकूलन रणनीति नहीं बनाई है, और कृषि क्षेत्र का प्रस्तावित बजट भी अन्य क्षेत्रों के मुकाबले काफी कम रखा है। केंद्र सरकार ने हाल ही में सभी राज्यों को एसएपीसीसी को दोबारा से बनाने को कहा है। 
++++++++++++++++++++++
So this is one more area where the Congress Govt. at the centre was unable to provide leadership to the country in the end. Jairam Ramesh had set good standards of engagement and understanding on many areas of the environment. But he was removed reportedly because he was not compliant enough to greenlight industries that would not meet environmental crieteria. Under Jayanti Natarajan thereafter and then Moily, it all seems to have gone downhill.

Wednesday, January 17, 2018

On Lt Col Purohit..

Five months ago Lt. Col. Purohit was granted bail by the Supreme Court after 9 years in jail. 

In 2008, two bombs fitted on a motorcycle exploded, killing seven people and injuring nearly 100 in Maharashtra's Malegaon. Initial investigations brought a hardline pro-Hindu group, Abhinav Bharat, under the scanner and led to several arrests. Among them were Sadhvi Pragya Thakur and Army officer Lt Col Purohit who were arrested that year, and charged with plotting the blasts. 

The investigation was initially conducted by the Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad led by its chief Hemant Karkare. Mr Karkare was killed in the terror attacks in Mumbai in 2008. The probe was then handed over to the National Investigation Agency (NIA) in 2011. In Dec 2017, the NIA court dropped the charges under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA) against eight accused in the 2008 Malegaon blasts case.

Purohit was represented in his bail hearing at the Supreme Court by Salve who reportedly charges Rs. 30 lakhs a day. The same Mr. Salve had 'earlier represented the State during the hearing of the Malegaon blasts case before the Bombay High Court during an appeal against the trial court’s decision to revoke stringent MCOCA against the blasts accused.' Thus Mr. Salve was able to argue FOR retaining MCOCA against Mr. Purohit in one hearing, and for his bail in the next hearing, he said that 'Lieutenant Colonel Purohit was allegedly caught in the political crossfire and was falsely implicated in the case'.

How very rubber-man like and flexible of Mr. Salve ! It is not known who paid Mr. Salve for appearing for Lt. Col Purohit (Salve did recently fight Jadhav's case for the Govt. of India and has high approval ratings from the top echelons of the Govt.). In any case, Purohit appears to have very long arms himself that reached all the way to Israel and the King of Nepal as per the chargesheet filed in his case. 

It is strange that charges as severe as diverting RDX from the army, planning a Govt. in exile in Israel, writing a constitution based on a Hindu Rashtra, procuring arms and training for waging war, still were finally not thought worthy of MCOCA ! 

But sedition charges could be slapped on students and a professor merely for protesting the hanging of Afzal Guru !