Two south Indian states, namely Kerala and Tamil Nadu, stand out as having developed more extensive transport facilities that have helped restrain the use of personal vehicles.
The bus and train network, the backbone of the public transport system, meets the transport requirements of 31 % of the workforce engaged in industry and services in Kerala and 26 % of the workforce in Tamil Nadu.
In contrast in 2011, the public transport system provided commuting facilities to only 18 % of the workforce at the national level. More than 50% of the workforce (excluding domestic and agriculture) continue to work at home or travel to their workplace by foot in the absence of adequate transport facilities. Citizens are largely dependent on private transport.
The public transport system in Tamil Nadu and Kerala thus carries a higher percentage of workers than even in metros like Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata and Bengaluru, where the public transport systems cater to the needs of 25 %, 22 % 26 % and 25 % of the workforce.
Only Mumbai has a much larger public transport system than these two southern states. This is because the train network which transports 25 % of the workforce in Mumbai adds to the facilities offered by the bus transport system which carries another 16 % of the workforce and pushes up the total share of the public transport network in Mumbai to 41 %, which is the highest share in the country.
The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the first rail system in India which began services in Mumbai in 1853. It transports 6 million passengers daily and has the highest passenger density in the world.
What pushes the public transport network in Kerala and Tamil Nadu behind that in Mumbai is the minimal share of the train networks which carry only 2% of the workforce in these states. With the train network under the exclusive jurisdiction of the central government, the two states have hardly any leverage to expand train facilities until very recently when metro rail projects began to be implemented in the cities. However, the bus transport network in Kerala and Tamil Nadu is vastly superior to that in the other states or even in the metros.
Thus while the bus transport network in Kerala carries 29 % of the workforce, that in Tamil Nadu carries 23 % - while the share is only 11 % at the all India level.
The share of bus transport in these two states are also substantially larger than the bus transport facilities even in the metros where its share is 22 % in Delhi, 16 % in Mumbai, 19 % in Chennai, 22 % in Kolkata and 24 % in Bengaluru.
In fact, the rural public transport system in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which carries 28 % and 29 % of the rural workforce in these states, are even better than that of the metros.
The extensive public transport facilities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu has helped them reduce their dependence on vehicles of personal use like two wheelers and cars. Thus we find that though Kerala and Tamil Nadu have much higher incomes than the all India average, the share of their workers using four wheelers like cars, van, taxi and tempos are either similar or sometimes even much lower than the all India share.
The scenario is also the same in the case of two wheelers with the use of bicycles for commutating in Kerala and Tamil Nadu lower than in the country as a whole.
The bus and train network, the backbone of the public transport system, meets the transport requirements of 31 % of the workforce engaged in industry and services in Kerala and 26 % of the workforce in Tamil Nadu.
In contrast in 2011, the public transport system provided commuting facilities to only 18 % of the workforce at the national level. More than 50% of the workforce (excluding domestic and agriculture) continue to work at home or travel to their workplace by foot in the absence of adequate transport facilities. Citizens are largely dependent on private transport.
The public transport system in Tamil Nadu and Kerala thus carries a higher percentage of workers than even in metros like Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata and Bengaluru, where the public transport systems cater to the needs of 25 %, 22 % 26 % and 25 % of the workforce.
Only Mumbai has a much larger public transport system than these two southern states. This is because the train network which transports 25 % of the workforce in Mumbai adds to the facilities offered by the bus transport system which carries another 16 % of the workforce and pushes up the total share of the public transport network in Mumbai to 41 %, which is the highest share in the country.
The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the first rail system in India which began services in Mumbai in 1853. It transports 6 million passengers daily and has the highest passenger density in the world.
What pushes the public transport network in Kerala and Tamil Nadu behind that in Mumbai is the minimal share of the train networks which carry only 2% of the workforce in these states. With the train network under the exclusive jurisdiction of the central government, the two states have hardly any leverage to expand train facilities until very recently when metro rail projects began to be implemented in the cities. However, the bus transport network in Kerala and Tamil Nadu is vastly superior to that in the other states or even in the metros.
Thus while the bus transport network in Kerala carries 29 % of the workforce, that in Tamil Nadu carries 23 % - while the share is only 11 % at the all India level.
The share of bus transport in these two states are also substantially larger than the bus transport facilities even in the metros where its share is 22 % in Delhi, 16 % in Mumbai, 19 % in Chennai, 22 % in Kolkata and 24 % in Bengaluru.
In fact, the rural public transport system in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which carries 28 % and 29 % of the rural workforce in these states, are even better than that of the metros.
The extensive public transport facilities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu has helped them reduce their dependence on vehicles of personal use like two wheelers and cars. Thus we find that though Kerala and Tamil Nadu have much higher incomes than the all India average, the share of their workers using four wheelers like cars, van, taxi and tempos are either similar or sometimes even much lower than the all India share.
The scenario is also the same in the case of two wheelers with the use of bicycles for commutating in Kerala and Tamil Nadu lower than in the country as a whole.
No comments:
Post a Comment